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Linux From Scratch - Version 7.0
xv
This package provides the init program, which is the parent of all other processes on the Linux system.
• Tar
This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities of virtually all packages used in LFS.
• Tcl
This package contains the Tool Command Language used in many test suites in LFS packages. It is only
installed in the temporary toolchain.
• Texinfo
This package contains programs for reading, writing, and converting info pages. It is used in the installation
procedures of many LFS packages.
• Udev
This package contains programs for dynamic creation of device nodes. It is an alternative to creating thousands
of static devices in the /dev directory.
• Util-linux
This package contains miscellaneous utility programs. Among them are utilities for handling file systems,
consoles, partitions, and messages.
• Vim
This package contains an editor. It was chosen because of its compatibility with the classic vi editor and its huge
number of powerful capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for many users and any other editor could
be substituted if desired.
• XZ Utils
This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing files. It provides the highest compression
generally available and is useful for decompressing packages XZ or LZMA format.
• Zlib
This package contains compression and decompression routines used by some programs.
Prerequisites
Building an LFS system is not a simple task. It requires a certain level of existing knowledge of Unix system
administration in order to resolve problems and correctly execute the commands listed. In particular, as an absolute
minimum, you should already have the ability to use the command line (shell) to copy or move files and directories, list
directory and file contents, and change the current directory. It is also expected that you have a reasonable knowledge
of using and installing Linux software.
Because the LFS book assumes at least this basic level of skill, the various LFS support forums are unlikely to be able
to provide you with much assistance in these areas. You will find that your questions regarding such basic knowledge
will likely go unanswered or you will simply be referred to the LFS essential pre-reading list.
Before building an LFS system, we recommend reading the following HOWTOs:
• Software-Building-HOWTO http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Software-Building-HOWTO.html
This is a comprehensive guide to building and installing “generic” Unix software packages under Linux.
Although it was written some time ago, it still provides a good summary of the basic techniques needed to build
and install software.
- Linux From Scratch 1
- All rights reserved 2
- Table of Contents 3
- Foreword 8
- Audience 8
- LFS Target Architectures 9
- LFS and Standards 10
- Prerequisites 15
- Host System Requirements 16
- Typography 19
- Part I. Introduction 21
- Chapter 1. Introduction 22
- Upgraded to: 23
- 1.3. Changelog 24
- 1.4. Resources 30
- 1.5. Help 31
- 1.5.3. Compilation Problems 32
- 2.1. Introduction 34
- 2.2. Creating a New Partition 34
- 3.1. Introduction 38
- 3.2. All Packages 38
- 3.3. Needed Patches 45
- Chapter 4. Final Preparations 47
- 4.3. Adding the LFS User 48
- 4.5. About SBUs 50
- 4.6. About the Test Suites 50
- 5.1. Introduction 52
- 5.5. GCC-4.6.1 - Pass 1 57
- 5.6. Linux-3.1 API Headers 59
- 5.7. Glibc-2.14.1 60
- 5.8. Adjusting the Toolchain 62
- 5.10. GCC-4.6.1 - Pass 2 66
- 5.11. Tcl-8.5.10 70
- 5.12. Expect-5.45 72
- 5.13. DejaGNU-1.5 74
- 5.14. Check-0.9.8 75
- 5.15. Ncurses-5.9 76
- 5.16. Bash-4.2 77
- 5.17. Bzip2-1.0.6 78
- 5.18. Coreutils-8.14 79
- 5.19. Diffutils-3.2 80
- 5.20. File-5.09 81
- 5.21. Findutils-4.4.2 82
- 5.22. Gawk-4.0.0 83
- 5.23. Gettext-0.18.1.1 84
- 5.24. Grep-2.9 85
- 5.25. Gzip-1.4 86
- 5.26. M4-1.4.16 87
- 5.27. Make-3.82 88
- 5.28. Patch-2.6.1 89
- 5.29. Perl-5.14.2 90
- 5.30. Sed-4.2.1 91
- 5.31. Tar-1.26 92
- 5.32. Texinfo-4.13a 93
- 5.33. Xz-5.0.3 94
- 5.34. Stripping 95
- 5.35. Changing Ownership 95
- 6.1. Introduction 97
- 6.3. Package Management 98
- 6.3.1. Upgrade Issues 99
- 6.3.2.4. Timestamp Based 100
- 6.5. Creating Directories 102
- 6.5.1. FHS Compliance Note 103
- 6.7. Linux-3.1 API Headers 105
- 6.8. Man-pages-3.35 106
- 6.9. Glibc-2.14.1 107
- Important 108
- 6.9.2. Configuring Glibc 109
- The meaning of the cp option: 110
- 6.9.4. Contents of Glibc 111
- 6.11. Zlib-1.2.5 116
- 6.12. File-5.09 117
- 6.13. Binutils-2.21.1a 118
- 6.13.2. Contents of Binutils 119
- 6.14. GMP-5.0.2 121
- 6.14.2. Contents of GMP 122
- 6.15. MPFR-3.1.0 123
- 6.16. MPC-0.9 124
- 6.17. GCC-4.6.1 125
- 6.17.2. Contents of GCC 128
- 6.18. Sed-4.2.1 130
- 6.19. Bzip2-1.0.6 131
- Short Descriptions 132
- 6.20. Ncurses-5.9 133
- 6.20.2. Contents of Ncurses 134
- 6.21. Util-linux-2.20 136
- 6.22. E2fsprogs-1.41.14 140
- 6.22.2. Contents of E2fsprogs 141
- 6.23. Coreutils-8.14 143
- 6.23.2. Contents of Coreutils 144
- 6.24. Iana-Etc-2.30 148
- 6.25. M4-1.4.16 149
- 6.26. Bison-2.5 150
- 6.27. Procps-3.2.8 151
- 6.28. Grep-2.9 153
- 6.29. Readline-6.2 154
- 6.29.2. Contents of Readline 155
- 6.30. Bash-4.2 156
- 6.30.2. Contents of Bash 157
- 6.31. Libtool-2.4 158
- 6.32. GDBM-1.9.1 159
- 6.33. Inetutils-1.8 160
- 6.33.2. Contents of Inetutils 161
- 6.34. Perl-5.14.2 162
- 6.34.2. Contents of Perl 163
- 6.35. Autoconf-2.68 165
- 6.36. Automake-1.11.1 166
- 6.37. Diffutils-3.2 168
- 6.38. Gawk-4.0.0 169
- 6.39. Findutils-4.4.2 170
- 6.40. Flex-2.5.35 172
- 6.40.2. Contents of Flex 173
- 6.41. Gettext-0.18.1.1 174
- 6.42. Groff-1.21 176
- 6.43. GRUB-1.99 179
- 6.44. Gzip-1.4 181
- 6.45. IPRoute2-2.6.39 183
- 6.46. Kbd-1.15.2 185
- 6.46.2. Contents of Kbd 186
- 6.47. Less-444 187
- 6.48. Libpipeline-1.2.0 188
- 6.49. Make-3.82 189
- 6.50. Xz-5.0.3 190
- 6.51. Man-DB-2.6.0.2 192
- 6.51.3. Contents of Man-DB 193
- 6.52. Module-Init-Tools-3.16 195
- 6.53. Patch-2.6.1 197
- 6.54. Psmisc-22.14 198
- 6.55. Shadow-4.1.4.3 199
- 6.55.2. Configuring Shadow 200
- 6.55.4. Contents of Shadow 200
- 6.56. Sysklogd-1.5 202
- 6.57. Sysvinit-2.88dsf 203
- 6.58. Tar-1.26 205
- 6.59. Texinfo-4.13a 206
- 6.60. Udev-173 208
- 6.60.2. Contents of Udev 209
- 6.61. Vim-7.3 211
- 6.61.2. Configuring Vim 212
- 6.61.3. Contents of Vim 213
- 6.62. About Debugging Symbols 214
- 6.63. Stripping Again 214
- 6.64. Cleaning Up 215
- 7.1. Introduction 216
- 7.4.1. History 220
- 7.4.2. Udev Implementation 220
- 7.4.2.2. Udev Bootscripts 221
- 7.4.2.3. Device Node Creation 221
- 7.4.2.4. Module Loading 221
- 7.4.4. Useful Reading 223
- 7.5.1. CD-ROM symlinks 223
- 7.6. LFS-Bootscripts-20111017 226
- 7.7.1. Configuring Sysvinit 229
- 7.7.2. Changing Run Levels 230
- 7.12. The rc.site File 234
- 8.1. Introduction 240
- 8.3. Linux-3.1 242
- 8.3.3. Contents of Linux 244
- 8.4.1. Introduction 245
- Chapter 9. The End 247
- 9.4. What Now? 248
- Part IV. Appendices 250
- Appendix B. Acknowledgments 254
- Former Project Team Members 255
- Appendix C. Dependencies 257
- Util-linux 265
- D.1. /etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 266
- D.2. /lib/lsb/init-functions 269
- D.6. /etc/rc.d/init.d/modules 299
- D.7. /etc/rc.d/init.d/udev 301
- D.8. /etc/rc.d/init.d/swap 302
- # 0 - No errors 305
- D.16. /etc/rc.d/init.d/sysctl 315
- D.20. /etc/rc.d/init.d/reboot 320
- D.21. /etc/rc.d/init.d/halt 321
- D.23. /etc/sysconfig/rc 323
- D.24. /etc/sysconfig/modules 323
- D.26. /sbin/ifup 324
- D.27. /sbin/ifdown 326
- E.1. 55-lfs.rules 332
- Appendix F. LFS Licenses 333
- F.2. The MIT License 337
- Packages 338
- Programs 339
- Libraries 346
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