MTD 248-645A Manual de usuario descargar pdf (Pagina 102)

Linux From Scratch - Version 7.0

Notice that /tools/bin comes last in the PATH. This means that a temporary tool will no longer be used once

its final version is installed. This occurs when the shell does not “remember” the locations of executed binaries—for

this reason, hashing is switched off by passing the +h option to bash.

Note that the bash prompt will say I have no name! This is normal because the /etc/passwd file has not

been created yet.

Note

It is important that all the commands throughout the remainder of this chapter and the following chapters

are run from within the chroot environment. If you leave this environment for any reason (rebooting for

example), ensure that the virtual kernel filesystems are mounted as explained in Section 6.2.2, “Mounting

and Populating /dev” and Section 6.2.3, “Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems” and enter chroot again

before continuing with the installation.

6.5. Creating Directories

It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a standard directory tree by issuing the following

commands:

mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib,mnt,opt,run}

mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}

install -dv -m 0750 /root

install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp

mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}

mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}

mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}

mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}

for dir in /usr /usr/local; do

ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir

done

case $(uname -m) in

x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64 && ln -sv lib /usr/lib64 ;;

esac

mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}

ln -sv /run /var/run

ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock

mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}

Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this is not desirable for all directories. In the

commands above, two changes are made—one to the home directory of user root, and another to the directories

for temporary files.

The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the /root directory—the same as a normal user would

do with his or her home directory. The second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the /tmp and

/var/tmp directories, but cannot remove another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called

“sticky bit,” the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.

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MTD 248-645A Manual de usuario Pagina 102