MTD 248-645A Manual de usuario descargar pdf (Pagina 103)

Linux From Scratch - Version 7.0

6.5.1. FHS Compliance Note

The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (available at http://www.pathname.com/

fhs/). In addition to the FHS, we create compatibility symlinks for the man, doc, and info directories since many

packages still try to install their documentation into /usr/<directory> or /usr/local/<directory> as

opposed to /usr/share/<directory> or /usr/local/share/<directory>. The FHS also stipulates

the existence of /usr/local/games and /usr/share/games. The FHS is not precise as to the structure of the

/usr/local/share subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However, feel free to create

these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly to the FHS.

6.6. Creating Essential Files and Symlinks

Some programs use hard-wired paths to programs which do not exist yet. In order to satisfy these programs, create a

number of symbolic links which will be replaced by real files throughout the course of this chapter after the software

has been installed:

ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,pwd,stty} /bin

ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin

ln -sv /tools/lib/li/jointfilesconvert/297116/bgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib

ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib

ln -sv bash /bin/sh

A proper Linux system maintains a list of the mounted file systems in the file /etc/mtab. Normally, this file would

be created when we mount a new file system. Since we will not be mounting any file systems inside our chroot

environment, create an empty file for utilities that expect the presence of /etc/mtab:

touch /etc/mtab

In order for user root to be able to login and for the name “root” to be recognized, there must be relevant entries

in the /etc/passwd and /etc/group files.

Create the /etc/passwd file by running the following command:

cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false

nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false

EOF

The actual password for root (the “x” used here is just a placeholder) will be set later.

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MTD 248-645A Manual de usuario Pagina 103